Nazariy grammatika (Test version 0.4)

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NAZARIY GRAMMATIKA
TOTAL 20 from 327 Questions
TEST VERSION 0.4

  

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1. The major tense-distinction in English, according to modern morphological theory, is … .
   1.   described as an opposition of past::future
   2.   best regarded as a contrast of present::non-present
   3.   described only as an opposition of past::present::future
   4.   best regarded as a contrast of past::non-past
2. When is indefinite article used?
   1.   to denote the object which is considered as one of the representatives of the called class of objects and therefore it is a classifying article
   2.   with proper nouns
   3.   to denote the attitude of the speaker towards the utterance
   4.   to denote the definite semantical meaning
3. What is grammatical meaning?
   1.   the individual meaning of the word
   2.   meaning, which is always marked morphologically
   3.   meaning, which is not expressed formally
   4.   the meaning of the whole class or a subclass
4. How do statives differ from adjectives?
   1.   they can be used as post-posed attributes
   2.   they are built up by the prefix a-, do not have the category of comparison and are not used as pre-posed attributes
   3.   though the prefix a- is viewed as the formal mark of the statives there are words expressing state which are devoid of this mark
   4.   they can be homogeneous parts of a word-group
5. What is the semantic classification of the attribute?
   1.   direct, indirect and cognate
   2.   descriptive, restrictive or appositive
   3.   simple, phrasal or clausal
   4.   simple, phrasal, complex or clausal
6. What is one member elementary complex sentences?
   1.   a comparatively loose (optional) connection between clauses: the subordinate clause could be deleted from the sentence without destroying the structural completeness of the principal clause
   2.   the subordinate clause is fused with the principal claused
   3.   a comparatively close (obligatory) connection between clauses: the subordinate clause is so closely related (formally and semantically) to the principal clause that the principal clause could not exist without it as a complete syntactic unit
   4.   the subordinate clause is governed by the valency of the verb in the principal clause
7. Choose examples to quantitative adverbs?
   1.   fast, loudly, slowly
   2.   hardly, scarcely, nearly
   3.   now , here, there
   4.   near, far late, soon
8. Classical Scientific grammar studies can be described as follows:
   1.   is characterized by patterning after Latin and by the use of logic and subjective opinion in classifying words and in establishing grammatical categories
   2.   studies possible sentences, i.e. the speaker’s-hearer’s knowledge of a language (competence); it aims at a system of formal mathematically precise rules that generates grammatical sentences of the language and assigns to each sentence a structural description
   3.   is the objective study of a language structure, without reference to meaning and other languages which relies heavily on formal methods of analysis
   4.   focuses on actual usage without assessing its correctness and analyses the English of the best contemporary authors
   5.   focuses on the communicative, as opposed to cognitive, aspect of language and views grammar as a means to realize the three major language metafunctions
9. What relation is studied by syntactics?
   1.   The relation between a unit and a meaning.
   2.   The relation between a unit and an object in the world around us (objective reality).
   3.   The relation between a unit and other units (inner relations between units)
   4.   The relation between a unit and a person who uses it.
10. What is Coordination?
    1.   syntagmatic relations observed between syntactic units
    2.   syntagmatic relations of dependence
    3.   syntagmatic relations of interdependence
    4.   syntagmatic relations of independence
11. What is the predicate categorical meaning of the following sentence: The window is glistening?
    1.   nominal factual
    2.   nominal perceptual
    3.   verbal statal
    4.   verbal actional
12. What is syntactic meaning?
    1.   distributional formula of the unit (pattern)
    2.   a unit on the basis of which it is included to a larger unit
    3.   combination of at least two constituents
    4.   separate word meanings are combined to produce meaningful word-groups and sentences
13. What does copulate connection imply?
    1.   opposition, contradiction or contrast using the connectors but, while, whereas, yet, still, nevertheless, only
    2.   a choice between two mutually exclusive alternatives
    3.   the events denoted by the clauses are merely united in time and place
    4.   two clauses, one of which denotes the reason (cause) of an action and the other, the consequence
14. What are classes of grammatical forms?
    1.   synthetical and analytical
    2.   stress and intonation
    3.   sound interchange and suppletivity
    4.   inner inflexion and outer inflexion
15. What is the weak spot of transformational grammar?
    1.   being normative in nature, prescriptive “based largely on intuitions”
    2.   being sentence-based, it “proved inadequate for generating a whole text”
    3.   insufficient and inadequate for wholly depending on ‘wrong assumptions” in “data-gathering techniques”
16. Which voice do these sentences express :
    He dressed; He washed
    1.   reciprocal
    2.   reflexive
    3.   middle
    4.   active
17. Systemic functional Grammar studies can be described as follows:
    1.   is characterized by patterning after Latin and by the use of logic and subjective opinion in classifying words and in establishing grammatical categories
    2.   studies possible sentences, i.e. the speaker’s-hearer’s knowledge of a language (competence); it aims at a system of formal mathematically precise rules that generates grammatical sentences of the language and assigns to each sentence a structural description
    3.   is the objective study of a language structure, without reference to meaning and other languages which relies heavily on formal methods of analysis
    4.   focuses on actual usage without assessing its correctness and analyses the English of the best contemporary authors
    5.   focuses on the communicative, as opposed to cognitive, aspect of language and views grammar as a means to realize the three major language metafunctions
18. What scope of meaning is not rendered by the Generative case?
    1.   discreteness and indiscreetness genitive
    2.   possessive genitive
    3.   subjective and objective genitive
    4.   adverbial and equation genitive
19. Define the semantic type of the active voice forms in the following sentence:
    She undressed before going to bed.
    1.   reciprocal meaning;
    2.   medial meaning;
    3.   reflexive meaning;
    4.   active meaning proper
20. How is nominative unit defined?
    1.   as ones of ‘internal’ grammar of the word – most of grammatical meanings and grammatical relations of words are expressed with the help of inflexions
    2.   language with the help of which the naming function of language is realized
    3.   those of ‘external’ grammar because most grammatical meanings and grammatical forms are expressed with the help of words (will do)
    4.   language which ensures the thought-forming function of the language